2011-12-20

EMILI BRONTE

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     Emili Džejn Bronte (Emily Jane Brontë) [30.07.1818.-19.12.1848] je engleska književnica i pesnikinja, zapamćena najviše po njenom delu Orkanski visovi, koji danas spada u sam vrh klasičnih dela engleske i svetske literature.

     Emili je rođena u selu Tornton u Jorkširu, u Engleskoj, od oca Patrika Brontea i majke Marije Branvel. Ona je od ukupno šestoro dece bila peta, starija od Ane i mlađa od Šarlote. Godine 1820., porodica se preselila u Havort, gde je Emilin otac prihvatio mesto sveštenika. To mesto će znatno uticati na Šarlotino pisanje i imati odjeka u njenim delima. 

     U detinjstvu, posle smrti njihove majke, tri preostale sestre i njihov brat Branvel Bronte stvaraju imaginarne zemlje (Angria, Gondal, Gaaldine), koje se pojavljuju u pričama koje su tada pisale. Jako malo od Emilinog rada iz tog perioda je ostalo sačuvano danas, sve se većinom izgubilo, osim kraćih pesama u kojima se govorilo o njihovom detinjstvu.

     Godine 1838., Emili započinje rad kao guvernanta u školi "Miss Patchett's Ladies Academy". Kasnije, sa svojom sestrom Šarlotom, konkuriše za rad u privatnoj školi u Briselu. Obe su kasnije otvorile sopstvene škole u svojoj kući, ali na žalost nisu imale učenika.

     Kasnije, Emili, i sestre Šarlota i Ana, udružuju snage objavljujući kolekciju pesama 1846. godine. Da bi izbegli predrasude prema ženskim autorima sestre Bronte koriste druga imena zadržavajući samo početna slova svojih sopstvenih imena i tako postaju: (Šarlota) Charlotte --> Currer Bell, (Ana) Anne --> Acton Bell, i (Emili) Emily --> Ellis Bell.

     Godine 1847., izdaje svoj jedini roman, Orkanski visovi, kao drugu u kompletu od tri knjige koju su zajedno izdale sestre (treća knjiga je Agnes Grej koju je napisala Ana). Kada su Orkanski visovi prvi put izašli kritika je bila veoma mešovita. Neki su je hvalili, a neki su je kritikovali. Uprkos tome knjiga je postala i ostala veliki klasik. Godine 1850., Šarlota opet objavljuje Orkanske visove, ali ovog puta kao zasebnu knjigu i pod Emilinim pravim imenom.

     Kao i svoje sestre, Emilino zdravlje je bilo poljuljano oštrim tempom i životom u školi i u kući. Umrla je 19. decembra 1848. godine od tuberkuloze, odmah posle sahrane svoga brata u septembru iste godine. Sahranjena je ispred crkve "St. Michael" i pokopana sa svojom omiljenom životinjom, majmunog nazvanim Dejv, koji je kasnije otkopan i igračka majmuna je sada izložena u Bronte muzeju u Havortu.

ORKANSKI VISOVI

Wuthering Heights (1939)

Director: William Wyler
Cast: Merle Oberon [Cathy Earnshaw], Laurence Olivier [Heathcliff], David Niven [Edgar Linton], Flora Robson [Ellen], Donald Crisp [Dr. Kenneth], Geraldine Fitzgerald [Isabella Linton], Hugh Williams [Hindley Earnshaw], Leo G. Carroll [Joseph], Miles Mander [Lockwood], Cecil Kellaway [Earnshaw]
Plot: The story of unfortunate lovers Heathcliff and Cathy who, despite a deep affection for one another, are forced by circumstance and prejudice to live their apart. Heathcliff and Cathy first meet as children when her father brings the abandoned boy to live with them. When the old man dies several years later Cathy's brother, now the master of the estate, turns Heathcliff out forcing him to live with the servants and working as a stable boy. The barrier of class comes between them and she eventually marries a rich neighbor, Mr. Edgar Linton, at which point Heathcliff disappears. He returns several years later, now a rich man but little can be done.
 
 
 
 
 

ORKANSKI VISOVI
Wuthering Heights (1992)

Director: Peter Kosminsky
Cast: Juliette Binoche [Cathy Linton / Catherine Earnshaw], Ralph Fiennes [Heathcliff], Janet McTeer [Ellen Dean], Sophie Ward [Isabella Linton], Simon Shepherd [Edgar Linton], Jeremy Northam [Hindley Earnshaw], Jason Riddington [Hareton Earnshaw], Simon Ward [Mr. Linton], Dick Sullivan [Parson], Robert Demeger [Joseph]
Plot: Heathcliff is Cathy Earnshaw's foster brother; more than that, he is her other half. When forces within and without tear them apart, Heathcliff wreaks vengeance on those he holds responsible, even into a second generation.
 
 
 
 
 
 

ORKANSKI VISOVI
Wuthering Heights (1998)

Director: David Skynner
Cast: Robert Cavanah [Heathcliff], Peter Davison [Joseph Lockwood], Orla Brady [Cathy], Tom Georgeson [Joseph], Matthew Macfadyen [Hareton Earnshaw], Sarah Smart [Catherine Linton], Kadie Savage [Young Cathy], Ken Kitson [Mr. Earnshaw], Kevin Knapman [Young Hindley (as Kevin Jones)], Terry Clynes [Young Heathcliff]
Plot: Gipsy boy Heathcliffe is adopted by a god-fearing landowner in northern England and grows up as the soul-mate of the daughter, Cathy Earnshaw. When father dies, stern son Hindley returns and bans Heathcliffe to the stables; when they spy upon their upper class neighbors, Edgar Linton sends the dogs upon them and chases Heath but starts an affair -love comes only from him- with her. When Hindley's socialite wife Frances dies in childbirth, he is completely embittered, becomes a drunk unable to care for his son Hareton and has to sell Wuthering Hights- to Heathcliffe. After a misunderstanding Cathy marries Linton, Heath retorts by a loveless match with his sister. Even Cathy's death doesn't stop the cycle of spite, grief and harm so it poisons the next generation's lives as well while she keeps haunting Heathcliffe... 
  
 
 
 
 
 

ORKANSKI VISOVI
Wuthering Heights (2009)

Director: Coky Giedroyc
Cast: Tom Hardy [Heathcliff], Charlotte Riley [Cathy], Andrew Lincoln [Edgar Linton], Sarah Lancashire [Nelly], Burn Gorman [Hindley], Rosalind Halstead [Isabella], Rebecca Night [Catherine], Tom Payne [Linton], Andrew Hawley [Hareton], Kevin McNally [Mr. Earnshaw]
Plot: Foundling Heathcliff is raised by the wealthy Earnshaws in Yorkshire but in later life launches a vendetta against the family. [PART I] Braving her father Edgar Linton's warning not to cross the estate border, young Catherine discovers her charming, but sickly cousin, and the manly Hareton are the heartlessly scorned and abused sons of wealthy Heatcliff on the Earnshaw estate. This launches a flashback how Heathcliff was raised as Cathy's best friend by her kind father, Mr. Earnshaw. After his death, the son and heir returns from boarding school, married, and reduces Heathcliff to the rank of stable boy, enduring constant abuse in order to remain with Cathy. After an accidental meeting with elegant gentleman Edgar Linton, she falls in love. To Hindley's delight, this drives Heathcliffe away. [PART II] Three years later, he returns wealthy enough to buy the estate, a day after Kathy married Edgar. He takes revenge, which instead of satisfaction brings misery to all. After Kathy and later Edga's death...
 
 
 
 

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